Which of the following is considered a major risk factor for suicide?

Substance abuse is recognized as a major risk factor for suicide due to its strong association with increased impulsivity, impaired judgment, and emotional instability. Individuals struggling with substance use disorders often experience heightened levels of distress and may lack the coping mechanisms necessary to deal with psychological pain, leading them to consider or attempt suicide. The relationship between substance abuse and suicide is further compounded by its capacity to exacerbate existing mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, intensifying the overall risk.

In contrast, high intelligence and strong family support typically play a protective role, promoting resilience and healthy coping strategies. A positive mental health history usually indicates a lower risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors since these individuals have often developed better management skills for stress and crises. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effectively assessing and managing suicide risk in individuals.